The Greens, Liberal Democrats, Labour and the Conservatives have unveiled their manifestos.

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The subject areas are Brexit, the NHS, taxation, economy, education, social care, climate, housing, rail/roads, migration, jobs, crime, defence, aid/foreign.

How the parties’ manifestos compare

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	Conservatives	Labour	Lib Dems	Greens
Brexit	Put the Withdrawal Agreement Bill back to parliament before Christmas and leave the EU in January; keep the UK out of the single market and customs union; negotiate trade agreements in 2020, with no extension beyond December 2020	Renegotiate deal ensuring close alignment to Single Market + workers’ rights, then legally binding referendum within 6 months offering choice between new deal and Remain; no-deal ruled out	In the event of the Lib Dems winning the election, they will revoke article 50 and stay in the EU. In “other circumstances”, they will “fight” for a People’s Vote with the option of staying in the EU and would campaign to Remain	Support a People’s Vote and campaign for Remain. Assuming the UK remains in the EU, Greens would “transform” the EU by increasing transparency, scrap the Strasbourg HQ, reform CAP & improve workers’ rights
NHS	Hire 50,000 new nurses; 50 million extra GP appointments a year; 40 new hospitals; new diagnosis machines; 6,000 new GPs; 6,000 more physios and pharmacists; free hospital parking for vulnerable groups; increased NHS surcharge for non-UK residents	Increase spending by 4.3% a year; free annual dental check ups; end health access discrimination; extra £1.6bn on mental health services; £2bn to improve mental health facilities; £845m for child mental health; 3,500 new child counsellors; 4,500 new health visitors	An extra £7bn a year by putting 1p on income tax to go to the NHS and social care; treat mental health with same urgency as physical health; end GP shortfall by 2025; extra £10bn in capital spending for facilities	Increase funding by at least £6bn a year each year to 2030; reinstate nursing bursaries; abolish the internal market; and replace private sector investment with “community leadership”
Taxation	No increases to income tax, National Insurance or VAT; raise NI threshold to £9,500 in 2020; keep 19% corporation tax; reduce business rates; increase small business employment allowance; stricter anti-tax avoidance and evasion measures	No tax rises for 95% of people; windfall tax on oil cos; raise tax for £80,000+ earners; freeze nat ins and income taxes for all others; reverse inheritance tax cut; corp tax to 26% in 2022; scrap Marriage Tax Allowance; 200% tax on second homes	Restore corporation tax to 20%; abolish capital gains tax and tax all income together; replace business rates in England with Commercial Landowner Levy; toughen Digital Sales Tax; scrap Marriage Tax Allowance	Merge national insurance and capital gains, inheritance, dividend and income taxes into a single tax, bringing in an extra £20bn into the public purse; shift burden of property taxation from land users to land owners while protecting the low paid
Economy	80% of UK trade covered by free trade agreements within three years; 10 new freeports; retake WTO seat; support start-ups and small businesses via government procurement; clamp down on late payments to businesses; expand start-up loans	Nationalise Royal Mail, railways, buses, water and energy; new public fibre broadband service; £400bn “transformation” fund for schools, hospitals, houses, energy, transport, environment; Nat. Investment Bank; tackle “short-term greed”	Invest £130bn on transport, energy, schools, hospitals, homes, including £5bn Green Investment Bank to boost low carbon investment; ambition to increase R&D spend to 3% of GDP; create ‘start up’ allowance for new entrepreneurs	Support small businesses to diversify enterprise by promoting affordable lending; offer govt contracts to boost the micro business sector; and cut VAT on catering, leisure and the arts
Education	£30,000 starting salary for teachers; more free schools; expansion of alternative provision schools; more special educational needs places; investment in arts, music and sport; £3bn national skills fund; £2bn college estates upgrade	New Sure Start+; early years ed for all children; 150,000 more early years staff; class sizes 30 max; schools open 5 days; scrap KS1&2 SATs; replace OFSTED with new body; free meals for all at primary; abolish tuition fees; bring back maintenance grants; tax elite private schs	Free childcare for working parents from 9 months; reverse cuts to schools; 20,000 extra teachers; scrap mandatory SATs; replace league tables with broader indicators	Increase funding to schools by at least £4bn a year; cut class sizes to under 20 in the long term; end testing, league tables and OFSTED inspections; increase formal education start age to 6; levy VAT and tax on private schools
Social care	Extra £1bn funding a year; no need to sell a home to pay for care; extend unpaid carers’ leave to a week; double dementia research funding; speed up treatment trials; £74m community care funding for learning disabilities and autism	End competitive tendering; National Care Service for England; free personal care ensuring older people have care needs met; cap old age care costs at £100,000	See NHS above but: join up NHS with the social care system; set up cross-party agreement to find long term sustainable solution to social care needs; improve standards of staff; guarantee of breaks for unpaid carers	Provide an extra £4.5bn a year to councils to allow free social care to over-65s living in their own homes
Climate	Net-zero carbon emissions by 2050; £6.3bn for energy efficiency measures; plant 75,000 acres of trees a year; producers pay full cost of dealing with waste; ban plastic waste exports to non-OECD countries; deposit return scheme for plastic and glass	Net zero carbon within 2030s; link LSE listing to climate fight; 90% of electricity and 50% of heat renewable by 2030; upgrade 27m homes to top energy efficiency; 9,000 new wind turbines; 44,000 acres of solar coverage; trial tidal power	Zero carbon by 2045; 80% of UK electricity from renewables by 2030; 60 million trees planted a year; £12bn a year to support renewable energy; set firms climate targets; adopt ‘circular economy’ system to boost recycling/cut waste	A widespread programme of investment across most sectors to cut emissions to net zero carbon by 2030, adding up to £100bn a year, with ‘new deals’ for energy, housing, transport, industry, farming and incomes
Housing	More homes to local families via discounts; extend Help to Buy to 2023; ban sale of new leasehold homes; abolish no fault evictions; lifetime deposit for tenants; 300,000 new homes a year by mid-2020s; environmentally friendly homes	Create Dept for Housing & English Sovereign Land Trust to develop cheaper social housing; extra 150,000 social houses, inc 100,000 council homes a year; end right to buy; introduce rent controls; end rough sleeping in 5 yrs	Direct spending to help build 300,000 homes a year by 2024, including 100,000 social homes; insulate all homes by 2030; link stamp duty to energy efficiency; all new homes zero carbon by 2021; hike tax for second homes	Upgrade the insulation of a million homes a year and build 100,000 energy efficient council homes a year; boost local authorities’ powers to enable more building where needed
Rail/roads	£2bn to fill potholes; minimum service during strikes; £350m cycling infrastructure; £100bn extra on road/rail infrastructure; build Northern Powerhouse Rail; invest in Midlands Rail Hub; £28.8bn for local roads; £1bn for fast-charging network	Free bus travel for u-25s; reinstate cut bus routes; invest in local roads; Crossrail for north; HS2 to Scotland; electrify whole UK; promote rail freight; use planning to promote walking and cycling; promote electric vehicles	Interim freezing of rail fairs; back new lines including HS2; ensure all new cars are electric by 2030; shift freight from road to rail; reform planning to boost cycling and walking; £4.5bn for more buses; pass Clean Air Act	Cut the number of vehicles on the roads; end sale of petrol/diesel vehicles by 2030; create electric charging network; create ‘golden age’ of the train by renationalising; apply carbon tax on all transport; ban new runways
Migration	Points-based system; NHS visa for health workers; recruit tech and science leaders; treat EU and non-EU citizens equally; EU citizens who were in UK before Brexit can stay; new arrivals only access benefits after five years and must contribute to NHS	Regulate labour market to stop undercutting through exploitation of migrants; scrap 2014 Immigration Act; end indefinite detention; educate people on migration and colonialism; negotiate Freedom of Movement if leaving EU	Save freedom of movement; scrap hostile environment for migrants; end indefinite detention; make work/student visas the role of Business and Education depts, not Home Office; invest to help Border Force tackle trafficking	Reduce migration in the long term by correcting labour market inequalities; create Ministry for Sanctuary to enforce “migration rules with compassion”; abolish income requirements for migrants
Jobs	Towns Fund to improve local economies; £150m Community Ownership Fund; crackdown on employment law abuse; right for workers to request predictable contracts; encourage flexi working; enhance parental leave allowances; increase agri-workers scheme	5% rise for pub sector wage; above av public sect pay rises; £10/hr min wage for over-16s; staff share ownership; paid maternity to 12mths; zero-hours ban; sectoral collective bargaining; widespread extension of workers’ rights; 4 new bank hols; cut working week to 32hrs	Skills wallet worth £10,000 each for life; roll out reassessed Living Wage across public sector; modernise employment rights for the gig economy; require workers on firms’ pay committees and at least one worker on boards	Create millions of green jobs in renewable energy, transport and land management sectors by the transition to zero carbon; provide training to ensure people are equipped
Crime	10,000 more prison places; stop and search for known knife carriers; speed up knife crime court cases; tougher sentencing for worst offenders; toughen community sentences; online crime crackdown; pass Domestic Abuse Bill	Recruit 2,000 more frontline police than the Tories for neighbourhoods; boost prison officers to 2010 levels; target coercive control; review Prevent and Protect programmes	£1bn to restore community policing; ensure 2 new officers in every ward; public health approach to serious violence; £500m in youth services to help prevent crime; 2,000 more prison officers to improve training/education	Scrap the Home Office and replace with Ministry of the Interior; boost police powers to tackle hate crime; halve prison population; end war on drugs
Defence	At least 0.5% above-inflation NATO spending increase each year; modernise and invest in Armed Forces equipment and training; invest more in cybersecurity; set up Space Command; tackle “vexatious” legal claims against Armed Forces	Boost UN peacekeeping ops funding to £100m; commit to 2% GDP on defence spending; keep all Royal fleet shipbuilding in UK	Commit to NATO 2% target; keep nuclear deterrent while seeking multilateral disarmament; boost recruitment of tech specialists to armed forces; invest in combatting cyber arena attacks	Replace the Ministry of Defence with the Ministry of Security and Peace with promotion of peace at its heart; end govt arms sales
Aid/foreign	0.7% of gross national income on international development; help aid-receiving countries be self-sufficient; host international LGBT conference; protect those persecuted for faith; stand up for right of every girl to have 12 years of education	Keep aid at 0.7% GDP; use aid to promote peaceful solutions; new UK-EU Security Treaty if UK leaves; extra £4bn a yr on intl climate finance; refocus DfID for green aims; boost arms controls	Spend 0.7% of national income on aid; champion rules-based intl approach; work across govt to prevent violent conflict; link arms exports to human rights; require Commons vote before military action	Increase spending on foreign aid by 2021 to 1% of GDP from current 0.7%; make tackling climate change and poorer nations the priority